2. What did he see as the central problem of modern man? Who were his greatest early influences?
3. (T/F) Nietzsche said his critique of Christianity was a temporary mask, reflecting the flux and transiency of everything.
4. What is the fundamental distinction in Nietzsche's theory of art?
5. What did Nietzsche call Christianity? Why? What did he call Kant and Mill? What did he mean by "Ubermensch"? Which of Nietzsche's ideas did Freud like?
6. What is Utilitarianism? What are some of the leading objections to it? How did Mill differ from Bentham?
7. What was the main principle of Mill's On Liberty?
8. Who invented a "religion of humanity" but also predicted that his optimistic and socially progressive philosophy, called _________, would replace religion? What stages did he say would lead to that development?
9. Which philosopher coined the phrase "survival of the fittest" and (according to most mainstream evolutionists) badly misapplied evolutionary ideas to society in general?
10. America's new philosophy, represented by Peirce, James, and Dewey, was called __________. Dewey also called his view ____________, especially as applied to __________.
11. Which major American philosopher (a colleague of William James's at Harvard, btw) did not like pragmatism? Name a recent American pragmatist. And: what recent Harvard philosopher wrote A Theory of Justice and opposed inequality? Which of his colleagues disagreed vehemently. And which other recent Harvard philosopher (who I met in one of my professors' kitchen in 1978, btw) said experience is a "web of belief"?
12. What French "vitalist" said there's a "life force" powering "creative evolution" in the universe? (William James loved this guy.)
13. What German thinker opposed Cartesian rationalism, said we don't know ourselves or our minds well at all, and emphasized the hidden power of sexuality... but is still not considered a peer, by many philosophers?
Charles Darwin (
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