Kant to Marx

1. Kant was originally a follower of who?

2. Kant proposed to limit ______ to make room for ____ and for rational speculation about ___... ?

3. What, according to Kant, do we do to the objects of our experience, with the result that we don't have to infer or prove the existence of an external world? (This is a useful mnemonic.)

4. How did Kant reconceive Descartes' "thinking thing"?

5. How did Kant say we demonstrate our freedom?

6. Why did Kant think faith in an unproven God a "rational postulate"?

7. Who did Hegel call "world history on horseback"? What did he consider philosophy's final goal?

8. What did Hegel call the "cosmic soul" he thought encompasses all of nature (including us)? What did he see as its most important implication?

9. What Kantian thesis about knowledge and consciousness did Hegel reject? What Aristotelian thesis did he accept? What does this imply about the self? What "sensibilities" did he reject and accept?

10. What was Hegel saying about philosophy when he spoke of the "Owl of Minerva"?

11. What kind of hero were the young romantics looking for? Who did they find? What did their hero most despise in Hegel's philosophy?

12. How did Schopenhauer adapt Kant's philosophy to his own? What was his view of the point or purpose of existence?

13. What did Kierkegaard think is the purpose of existence? What philosophical movement did his view help to establish?

14. What did Feuerbach mean by "Man ist was Man isst"?

15. What did Marx do to Hegel's dialectic?

Dewey's reply to Schopenhauer (and Hegel):